market clearing price การใช้

• The dual variables provide the market clearing prices.
• It made no difference whether prices were voluntarily or involuntarily posted below the market clearing price.
• As with electricity markets, after solution, the primal variables prescribe the optimal flows, and the dual variables provide the market clearing prices.
• All machine hours available to be sold at a market clearing price will be sold if all suppliers are operating at market efficiencies.
• It possessed poorly defined property rights, a lack of market clearing prices and overblown or distorted productive capacities in relation to analogous market economies.
• For example, in the sugar industry, about 94 % to 95 % of the market clearing price is determined by long term supply and purchase contracts.
• The matching algorithm then evaluates the orders and sets a market clearing price ( MCP ) for each hour and product to maximize the traded volume.
• Under the FERC order, a market clearing price, or ceiling, will be established for all wholesale electricity sold in the California spot market and apply to markets in 10 other Western states.
• Each system shared the distinctive themes of state-oriented economies, including poorly defined property rights, a lack of market clearing prices and overblown or distorted productive capacities in relation to analogous market economies.
• This price is often called the "'competitive price "'or market clearing price and will tend not to change unless demand or supply changes and the quantity is called " competitive quantity " or market clearing quantity.
• There are a wide range of practical applications, varying from simple tasks such as coin tossing to more complex ones like electronic auctions ( e . g . compute the market clearing price ), electronic voting, or privacy-preserving data mining.
• If a group of suppliers adhere to a particular price book, in other words, they set the prices of the price book artificially higher than the market clearing price, then they are " fixing the price " of that item.
• Later models of socialism developed by neoclassical economists ( most notably Oskar Lange and Abba Lerner ) were based on the use of notional prices derived from a trial-and-error approach to achieve market clearing prices on the part of a planning agency.
• Opponents of anti-price gouging laws also claim that in terms of fairness, such laws could also require producers to sell goods below their market-clearing price : the market clearing price is the amount at which quantity supplied is equal to quantity demanded.
• For example, in otherwise competitive market economies, where a large majority of the commercial exchanges are competitively determined by long term contracts and therefore long term market clearing prices, a  remainder market is one where prices are determined by the small part of the market that deals with the availability of whatever is not cleared via long term transactions.
• The Reconciliation Manager who reconciles all metered quantities, the Pricing Manager who determines the final prices at each node and Clearing and Settlement Manager who pays generators for their generation at the market clearing price and invoices all retailers for their offtake, are all contracted to New Zealand Exchange ( NZX ), who acquired the previous service provider M-Co in June 2009.
• The balance of the market, and world sugar prices, are determined by the ad hoc demand for the 5 % to 6 % that is not sold via long-term contracts; prices in the  remainder market fluctuate more widely and are determined by short term supply and demand conditions; quoted prices can be significantly higher or lower than the long-term market clearing price.